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Text File | 1996-03-03 | 80KB | 1,758 lines

+-------------------------------------------------------------------mh<DoH!>-+ | M______. A______. C______. H____. A______. C______. K____. | | ) :\ ) :\ ) :\ ) / /\ ) :\ ) :\ ) / /\/\ | | / :\/ /\ :\/ /\__/_ / /__\:\/ /\ :\/ /\__/_/ /_/ / | |/ / \ :\ / \ :\ \_\ :\ / ____ :\ / \ :\ \_\ :\ .__. :\ | |\___\__/______\ \____________/ \___\ /______\ \_______________\ \___\| +--------------------------------------S.ssSS88$$s----S-S----,ssSS88$$8s-----+ Contributors: AX1P, Filbert, S8 '"~$$~ S8 8S 8$$8S"~~~$8S Observer, Maddog Hoek, oleBuzzard, S8 S8 8S S8$$ ~8S Armchair Hacker, ArcAngel, Nganon S8$.ssSS88$$s S8$ $8S S8$$ $8S DATE -=> 04-MARCH-1996 S8$ '"~$$~ S8$.sss.$8S S8$ $8S ______kn0wledge phreak BBS______ S8$$ S8$$'"~"'$$8S S8$ $$8S New home of MHFAQ 719.578.8288 S8$$ S8$$ $$8S S8s $ $$8S WebSite: http://iti2.net/k0p S8$$$ S8$$$ ver $$$8S S8s $$ s$$$8 e-mail: k0p@iti2.net ~$~ ~$~ 2.0 ~$~ ~S8$$$Ss~$~ ======================================================================$$$$==== ~~#$ 00. Introduction to the MacHackFAQ v2.0 SECTION I: SOFTWARE DEPROTECTION/'CRACKING' ------------------------------------------- 01. What is MACSBUG? 02. Where can I find MacsBug? 03. How do you use MacsBug? 04. How can I use MacsBug to crack software? 05. What are some other useful MacsBug related resources? SECTION II: SYSTEMS HACKING --------------------------- 06. What are some general techniques for defeating Macintosh Security? 07. What are some general tools for defeating Macintosh Security? 08. How can I Hack At Ease? 09. How can I use DisEase to Hack At Ease? 10. Where can I find DisEase? 11. How can I Hack FoolProof? 12. How do I access the Chooser when it is protected on Foolproof? 13. How can I defeat Passworded Control Panels? 14. How can I defeat the DeskTracy Control Panel (at Kinko's)? 15. What is EtherNet or Packet Sniffing? 16. How can I EtherNet Sniff on the Mac? 17. How can I defeat a FileGuard protected system? SECTION III: SYSTEMS HACKING ---------------------------- 18. How Can I hack FirstClass? 19. What is UNIX Password Hacking? 20. How Can I do it on the Mac? SECTION IV: PHREAKING --------------------- 21. What is phreaking? 22. What are some phreaking warez for Macs? 23. How can I use these programs? SECTION V: MAC UNDERGROUND RESOURCES ------------------------------------ 24. What are some Sites of interest to Mac Hackers? 25. What are some Warez of Interest to Mac Hackers? SECTION VI: MAC HACK TIDBITS ---------------------------- 26. How do I copy a read-only file? 27. Where can I get the latest version of macpgp and the source code? 28. How can I convert a Read Only text file? 29. How can I Disable Extension Disabling on my Mac? 30. Is there a way to disable the Power-down Button 31. Is there a way to turn off zoomrects in System 7? 32. Outro ============================================================================= 00. Introduction to the MacHackFAQ v2.0 Welcome to the MacHackFAQ v2.0! This thing has been awhile in the making, but I think I've revamped it to a level that I can work with. I'd like to be able to put out new FAQs at least every three months, the greatest determinor of that will be the volume of article submissions. To start this FAQ off, heres some House Cleaning issues: Contributors--Contributors this month are: Observer, Maddog Hoek, Voyager, ArcAngel, AX1P, Spooty, Filbert, The Jackal, Mark O'Connel, Nganon, me (oleBuzzard). Thanx to everyone who contributed. My apologies to anyone who contributed that I failed to acknowledge. MacHack FAQ Header--This additions Header was created by Maddog Hoek. If you are an ASCII artist, and would like to submit a Header for upcoming FAQs please contact me. Home of the FAQ--An html versions of the FAQ can be found at kn0wledge phreak WWW page. Text versions of MacHack FAQ can be found at kn0wledge phreak WWW page or kn0wledge phreak BBS Submissions, Corrections, Praises, Complaints, Suggestions--If you want to contact me regarding any of the following, please feel free to e-mail me. Please label your subject as one of the five subjects. Addresses--I kept saying you could contact me, I supposed you'd like to know where. oleBuzzard's E-mail Address: k0p@iti2.net kn0wledge Phreak WWW Page: http://iti2.net/k0p kn0wledge phreak BBS: 719-578-8288 SECTION I: SOFTWARE DEPROTECTION/'CRACKING' ------------------------------------------- 01. What is MACSBUG? MacsBug is an acronym for Motorola advanced computer systems deBugger. It is an assembly-language-level debugging tool for the Macintosh and Power Macintosh computers. MacsBug was written by Motorola (creator of the 68000 series chip) to aid programmer's in development of Macintosh software. The versatility of MacsBug also makes it a very useful tool for software deprotection. 02. Where can I find MacsBug? MacsBug can be found at the Apple Corporation FTP Support Site: http://www.support.apple.com/pub/Apple%20SW%20Updates/US/Macintosh/Utilities 03. How do you use MacsBug? The answer comes from Observer in an Original piece written for the FAQ: Macsbug for Fun and Profit Macsbug is an awesome program published by Apple and available for free. It's used by programmers to debug their programs, and crackers to help them in their work. Macsbug (MB) is what's called a "low-level debugger." This is because it works at a very low level--in other words, looking at the actual instructions being executed by the computer. Currently, the latest version of MB is 6.5.2. Installing Macsbug is easy. Drop it in your System Folder and restart. Don't double click on it, don't put it in the Extensions folder, don't try to give it more memory--just put it in the System Folder and let it be. The next time you restart, the message "Debugger installed" will accompany your normal Welcome to Macintosh message. This confirms that Macsbug is loaded. To stop processing and enter Macsbug (called breaking into Macsbug), press the interrupt button on your Mac. This is a small button with a circle on it. Inside the circle is a little squiggly line that looks sort of like an EKG (sometimes it's just a circle, though). It will often be accompanied by an adjacent small button with a triangle in it. This is the reset button. Anyway, press the interrupt button, and Macsbug will appear. If your computer is one of those without hardware reset/interrupt buttons, press cmd-power. (cmd-ctrl-power is the equivalent of the reset button.) Macsbug makes you look very cool when you use it. This is because it looks like sheer hell to anyone who doesn't know how to interpret what it gives you. What does it give you? Here's an ASCII picture of a MB screen: (view in Monaco) ___________________________________________________________________ | SP | | | nnnnnn | | | | | | CurApName | | | SimpleText | | | | | | 32-bit RM | [previously executed | | SR SmxNZvc | instructions, plus | | | output generated by | | D0 nnnnnn | your commands, show up | | [...] | here] | | D6 nnnnnn | | | D7 nnnnnn | | | |____________________________________________________| | | [proc name] ; will branch | | A0 nnnnnn | +nnnn nnnnnn BCC.S | 641A | | [...] | +nnnn nnnnnn Ä MOVE.L | 2008 | | A7 nnnnnn | +nnnn nnnnnn CLR.W | 4267 | |____________|_____________________________________|______________| Whoa! What the HELL is all this stuff? (And who in the world uses it?) Basically, unless you're using assembly language on the Mac (as a programmer or cracker, for example), you don't need to know what all this stuff means. For the benefit of those who care, however, here you go. (Other people, skip down to the next section.) SP Stack Pointer. Not too important except for programmers/crackers. CurApName The name of the currently running application. This is NOT (NOT NOT NOT)not the frontmost application! Many times it will not be. To ensure that an application will be running when you break into macsbug, hold down one of its menus. 32-bit RM Indicates whether you are in 32 or 24 bit memory mode (on any modern Mac will always be 32)fairly and whether you're using Real Memory or Virtual Memory. D0-D7, A0-A7: Data and address registers on the 680x0 chip, where data is sometimes stored. [proc name] The name of the subprogram which is being executed, or "no procedure name" if none is available. If ResEdit/Resorcerer tell you the name of a subprogram is something line "<Anon_17>," MB just says "no procedure name." ; will branch If the next instruction to be executed (the instruction directly below the procedure name) is a branch, this will pop up and say whether or not the branch will occur. +nnnn The offset within the current procedure of the instruction on that line. nnnnnn The absolute address in memory of the instruction on that line. Ä Shows up if there's a breakpoint set on an instruction. Unless you're setting breakpoints, you won't get any of these. BCC.S, MOVE.L, etc. The next assembly instructions which will be executed. 641A, 2008, etc. The hex equivalent of these instructions. And that's about it. There are lots of worthwhile things you can do in Macsbug without understanding all this stuff, though. es Exit to Shell. Attempts to quit the current program and go back to the finder. If you crash and use this, it's best to restart the computer ASAP. rs ReStart. Useful if you crash and can't use es, but don't want to do a hardware restart. Better than turning the computer off, because it unmounts mounted volumes. rb ReBoot. Same as rs, but doesn't unmount mounted volumes. This makes it more or less the same as turning the computer off and then back on, or hitting a hardware reset button. help <topic | command> Displays help for the specified topic or command. To see a list of topics, just type "help". Base 10 <-> Base 16 (hex) <-> ASCII conversion Enter a number preceded by # for decimal, $ for hex, or in single quotes (i.e. 'q') for ASCII. Hit return. What pops up is the hex, decimal and ASCII equivalent! Nifty, eh? Error ID lookup Crashed and want to know just what an error -43 is? Break into Macsbug and type: error #(error ID in base 10) and Macsbug will tell you what the error means. A calculator! Macsbug can perform mathematical operations, such as *, +, -, /, even between number systems! You can also do some fun stuff with Macsbug: sw menuflash [hexadecimal number 1-FFFF] Sets the number of times a menu item flashes when selected. If you set this over 50 or so, be prepared to be very patient! Strobe light Type "swap". Macsbug will say "Display will be swapped after each trace or step." Now type "s 20" and hit return. Ooooh!! Aaaah!! Make the number bigger if you like, but be patient... Type swap again to end the process. And in case it ever comes up in Trivial Pursuit: The name Macsbug has nothing to do with Macs. It is an acronym for Motorola Advanced Computing Systems deBUGger. If Apple had called their computers Donuts, Macsbug would still be called Macsbug. (Motorola comes in, for those who don't know, because Motorola makes the 680x0 chips which were the heart of every Mac until the PowerPC, which is still made by Motorola.) For Andy Ihnatko's typically unique spin (I mean that kindly, Andy) on Macsbug, check out the last page of the Feb 96 MacUser. If you're a Mac programmer and want to know how to use Macsbug to examine your programs, check out _Debugging Macintosh Software with Macsbug_, by Othmer and Straus. For information on how to use Macsbug itself, Apple publishes a manual which costs about $30. 04. How can I use MacsBug to crack software? "How do I get blahblahware to stop asking me to register?" (Also known as, "Will someone give me a crack to blahblahware?") Intro... Cracking software is a huge topic--not always difficult, but one with many different aspects, all of which can be important. This is just the first step down a long road, and I urge anyone interested in truly learning about cracking to check out the "Further Reading" section at the bottom. Also, the first two appendixes (glossary and assembly reference) aren't meant as afterthoughts but as important parts of the text. Use them. Appendix 3 is useful if you want Resorcerer (which you do). Background... Anyone who's written a few real Mac applications (or one big one) in Pascal, C, or any similar language is a good candidate to become a Mac cracker. However far down from there you rank yourself, is how much harder it's going to be for you to crack software. Try if you like, but knowing how to program is useful if you want to modify programs. If you're freaked out about assembly language, don't be; a decent programmer in Pascal or C can acquire a fluency in assembly fairly easily. All your friends from the Toolbox exist in assembly, just with an underscore ("_") before their names. And we call them traps, rather than calls. But other than that they're pretty much the same. And lots of cracking is just changing branches, like changing conditions in an "if" statement. Nothing too hairy, right? People generally write programs in what's called a high-level language, a language that's far from what the computer actually does but is easy for a human to remember and work with. HyperTalk is a very high-level language. Pascal and C are another notch or two down the line. In order for the computer to run programs written in these high-level languages, you need a compiler. This is a program which translates what you've written in Pascal (gibberish to the computer), into assembly language, the specific instructions which the CPU will execute to run your program. So when you open a program and look at its CODE resources, you're looking at some representation of the actual instructions the computer follows to run that program. The Hunt... Note I said some representation. If you're using ResEdit, all you'll see is the code in hexadecimal. This doesn't do you much good. To view it as its assembly code equivalent, either spring for Resorcerer (a $256 ResEdit done right), or get the ResEdit CODE Editor, which is free and publicly available. Once you install the resources in the CODE Editor into your ResEdit application, when you open a CODE resource, you'll see something like this (and also get some new menus): Offset Addr Opcode Operand Comment =========================================================== Here's what this all means: Offset The line number in bytes, counting from the beginning of the CODE resource segment Addr The line number, counting from the beginning of the current procedure/subprogram Opcode The assembly instruction to execute Operand Data which accompanies the instruction (parameters) Comment Misc. info on a line of code, plus hex representation of the line All this exists in Resorcerer as well, just with slightly different names. To toggle between viewing absolute and relative offsets in Resorcerer, press cmd-2 while viewing a CODE resource. Go to the "Modules" (Routines in Resorcerer) menu. There you'll find a list, in the order they exist in the code, of all of the procedures in that code segment. (Happy Resorcerer users will have this menu alphabetized.) Find a program which has more than anon1, anon2, etc. Procedure names are a huge help to a cracker, because let's say you want to remove a registration dialog box--which catches your eye more, "DoRegDialog," or "anon36?" So you have your program. Let's say what's annoying you is that it always shows a dialog which you can't dismiss for a few seconds, until it enables the OK button. Go look at the program's DLOG resources and find the dialog you want to avoid. If it isn't there, check out the WIND resources as well. Convert the dialog/window's ID number into hex. If you can't do this manually, Resorcerer can do it for you, or else find one of the many shareware calculators that has the capability. Also, TI-85 owners can just punch go into the mode settings and set it to use hex. Never thought that thing would come in handy, did you? Anyway. Search for this value in the code, just a few lines before a call to the _GetNewDialog trap. (Cmd-G in Resorcerer, or hold down option when opening the CODE resource in ResEdit and use ResEdit's search tools.) Here's a sample from an actual application, whose nag dialog is DLOG ID #9990=$2706: move.w #$2706,-(sp) clr.l -(sp) pea -$0001 _GetNewDialog What's this doing? It's MOVEing the hex number $2706 to "sp." This is the Stack Pointer, a place where things are stored temporarily--typically parameters passed to a procedure or function, and afterwards what it returns. Sure enough, the next line is: movea.l (sp)+,a4 This is where we move the DialogPtr given to us by _GetNewDialog, off of the stack pointer and put its address in register A4. (We know GetNewDialog returns a DialogPtr because we bought the Inside Mac CD while we were doing Mac programming in a high-level language. I wasn't kidding when I said Mac programming experience would help.) The Kill... OK, so now we know where the dialog is loaded. And, because we've used dialogs in a higher-level language before, we know that other toolbox calls--ModalDialog and CloseDialog for example--tend to accompany a GetNewDialog call. Further, the problem we wish to overcome is that it stops for a few seconds before enabling the OK button. This implicates another likely accomplice, HiliteControl, which is used to enable and disable dialog items. Let's say the programmer was a jerk and left the subprogram names in the code. Maybe the subprogram you found the dialog in is called "DoNagBox." If it's this obvious, you could try NOP'ing the entire DoNagBox subprogram. Note that while this is easy in Resorcerer, it is very difficult in ResEdit. Maybe that doesn't work. Maybe that makes the program crash. OK, time to try something else. While the nag box is open, break into Macsbug (read about that in another section of the FAQ) and type "atb closedialog". This will cause Macsbug to interrupt processing when a call to the _CloseDialog trap is made. Dismiss the nag dialog, and poof, you're in Macsbug. Use the "t" command to step through the code, through the subprogram which holds the _GetNewDialog for the nag box. When you hit an "rts," keep going--the next line will be the line after the line which calls the nag subprogram. Here's a little diagram: /-> doNagBox / [other assembly] [assembly] / move.w $2706, -(sp) / _GetNewDialog jsr doNagBox / [more assembly] [more assembly]<---\ _CloseDialog \ [still more assembly] \-rts We reach "jsr doNagBox," which sends us off to the doNagBox subprogram. This puts up a dialog and then closes it when we hit a button. When all this has been done, we're returned to the line of code immediately following the "jsr doNagBox" line. Just like any other language. We could NOP the "jsr doNagBox," but that tends to be asking for trouble; any parameters passed to or received from the subprogram are left wandering around, which will probably cause a crash. What we should look for are branches, probably beq or bne. Is there one of these above the jsr which skips down just a few lines past the jsr? If so, try changing the condition of this branch (such as beq->bra). Other Techniques The idea of looking for a dialog's ID is one which frequently works. However, there are other limitations you might want to overcome. Here are some ideas for other program limitations: Only works for x minutes, then quits Look for the _TickCount trap (hex A975) in the code--this is the most common method of doing this. Something else to watch for is _ExitToShell, (hex A9F4), which MAY be the way the program quits itself. If the subprogram names are in the code, look especially hard at anything resembling "eventloop," "mainloop," etc. Only works for a week Look for the _SecondsToDate (hex A9C6) trap, and a branch a while after it. Also, if a dialog pops up to tell you to register, look for the ID of this dialog. Only lets you play the first x levels Several possibilities here. If a dialog appears when you reach a higher level, the easiest is to search for the dialog ID in the code. If it quits, look for _ExitToShell. If you absolutely can't find what you're looking for, search for the highest possible level number in the code. (If you can only play levels 1-4, search for $0004.) If this shows up in or near some form of cmp, you may have struck paydirt. Practice, Practice, Practice With just a few months of practice, you'll be surprised at how many things you can crack in less than an hour. Here are some things you can try looking at, in order of difficulty: (easiest->hardest) Relax 1.0 (any shareware site) GraphicConverter 1.7.7 /1 (ditto) Warcraft 1.0 Net Watchman demo (ftp.aggroup.com) (don't worry about printing) GopherGolf 2.0.7 (shareware again) DragStrip 1.2.4 (Note: Some of these are commercial software. These cracks should only be attempted on software you own, and for your own convenience.) Appendix 1: Glossary Branch: Each command in assembly has an offset, essentially a line number. Branching to an offset sets the PC to the specified offset and then continues execution normally. Byte, word, long word: The most common data sizes. Use monaco for the table below: Bits Hex digits Range (decimal) Byte | 8 2 0-255 Word | 16 4 0-65535 LWord | 32 8 0-4294967295 These can be halved to alter the range to include negative values. So a byte can also be used to go from #-127 to #127, a word from #-32767 to #32767, and so on. In a long word (for example) this is accomplished by going from $0 to $7FFF (#0-#32767) normally. $8000 is then equal to #-32767, up to $FFFF=#-1. The same system is used for the other data sizes as well. Flags: There are five status flags: Z, C, N, V, X. These keep track of the results of operations. Conditional branches such as bne and beq check the flags to decide whether or not to branch. Z: Zero flag. Set if the result of an operation is zero, or if two compared values are equal. Cleared otherwise. C: Carry flag. Set if the a math operation produced a digit carry (i.e. $FF+$1) N: Negative flag. Set if the result of a math operation is negative, or the most significant (rightmost) bit in a number is true. V: Overflow flag. Set if an operation's result can't be held in the data provided (such as $FF+$1 in a byte). Not too common. X: Extended flag. Used for precision in math operations. Also not too common. Hexadecimal: Usually referred to as hex. This is base 16. Our number system is base 10 (aka decimal), which means each column is ten times the previous one. In hex, you start with the ones column, then you have a sixteens column, then a 256's column, and so on. Hex is just like our normal system, except you count to 15 before going to the next place. The extra 6 numbers you need for this are provided by the letters A-F. So counting in hex goes like this: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1F, 20,21... The signs # and $ are used to indicate decimal (base 10) and hexadecimal, respectively. So #10=$A; (#15+#1)=($F+$1)=$10; #255=$FF; and so on. Two hexadecimal digits are equivalent to eight bits, or one byte. Registers: 680x0 chips have 16 registers, which are places to hold data (essentially a variable in higher-level languages). These are divided into 8 data registers, labeled D0-D7, and 8 address registers, labeled A0-A7. Each register can hold a long word. The address and data registers are themselves identical, but there are commands which can be used on address registers which cannot be used on data registers. Subprogram/Subroutine/Procedure/Function: Used more or less interchangeably. If used specifically, they mean the same thing they would in a high-level language. Appendix 2: Quick Assembly Instruction Reference This is a brief description of the most common commands in assembly language. There are many others however, and anyone seriously wanting to learn how to crack will soon need more than this. See the "further reading" section for suggestions. Suffixes: .b, .w, .l Indicates that the suffixed instruction will apply to a Byte, Word, or Long word, respectively. So cmp.b will compare two bytes. add ADDs two values, and stores the result in the second operand. The Z flag is set if the result was zero, cleared otherwise. beq Branch if EQual. Branches if Z flag is set. 67 hex. bne Branch if Not Equal. Branch if the Z flag is clear. 66 hex. bra BRanch Always. Move PC to the indicated offset and continue. 60 hex. clr CLeaR. Sets its operand to zero. cmp CoMPares two values. If the values are equal then the Z flag is set. Otherwise it is cleared. jsr/rts Jump SubRoutine. Exactly like calling a procedure or function in a high-level language: sets PC to the subprogram's address, but first puts the PC's current value on the stack. When the specified subprogram is completed, the rts ("ReTurn from Subroutine") command will be used to return to where the subprogram was called. link/unlk LINK/UNLinK. Generally used to create local variables for subprograms. (Link creates, unlink disposes at end of subprogram.) move MOVEs the first operand into the second. When you see something like (A2), it means that the data stored in the address held in A2 is being used. A2 without the parentheses means the actual data held in A2. nop No OPeration. Useful for simply deleting code without changing the location in memory of other code. 4E71 hex. sub SUBtract. Same as add, but subtracts the first operand from the second. Appendix 3: Ordering Resorcerer, a cracker's best friend The single-copy price of Resorcerer is US $256 (decimal!). We also offer quantity, reseller, and educational discounts at anywhere between 20% and 50% off of the above price. Please call us for more information and a quote. Our mailing address is: Mathemaesthetics, Inc. P.O. Box 298 Boulder, CO, 80306-0298 Phone: (303) 440-0707 Fax: (303) 440-0504 Internet: resorcerer@aol.com Appendix 4: FURTHER READING Surprise surprise, a few pages aren't enough to teach you assembly language. For more information, check out these sources... Files by The Shepherd and Vassal Each of these guys has written a much bigger file on Mac cracking. The Shepherd's is the larger one and better for the beginner (and a great file in general), Vassal's offers more specific technique tips. I used the Shepherd's file as a reference for the assembly reference section here. Basic MacCracking files I've written a few files which describe how to crack specific programs. Of course I'm biased, but I think these are all very helpful to beginners, especially since they were written as I learned things myself. Fantasm's help files Fantasm is an assembly language development program, for the sickos who actually create whole programs in assembly language. While using the program itself has been shown to cause severe social problems, it comes with six large files written to teach someone how to write assembly language. These aren't something anyone serious about this stuff should pass up. Debugging Macintosh Software with Macsbug Macsbug in invaluable to a cracker. I would be shot if I took the space to describe how to use it here, but it's not that hard to figure out. What is hard is discovering how to use it in the context of a Macintosh (i.e. where is the event record that _waitnextevent just got?), and this book tells you all of that. Macsbug Reference and Debugging Guide Apple's Macsbug documentation, plus EXCELLENT assembly tutorial. Another one serious folks shouldn't miss out on. 05. What are some other useful MacsBug related resources? DBugr 1.2.1...........Puts a floating bomb on your desktop that you can click on at any time to enter macs bug. Widely available. http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'macsbug' Break Before..........Break into MacsBug on the very first instruction of the INIT code of ANY extension you choose. Widely available. http://vsl.cnet.com. Search 'macsbug' Debugger F-Key........Drop into the debugger. Recognizes MacsBug, TMON, The Debugger, and ABZmon. Will also recognize any new debuggers that follow Apple's debugger protocol as documented in the "MacsBug Reference and Debugging Guide." http://vsl.cnet.com. Search 'macsbug' Cool MacsBug Tricks...Cool things you can do with MacsBug. http://www.biddeford.com/~benyc/Macsbug.html Tips for MacsBug......Place to obtain and submit MacsBug programming tips. http://www.scruznet.com/~crawford/Computers/macsbug.html SECTION II: SYSTEMS HACKING --------------------------- 06. What are some general techniques for defeating Macintosh Security? Here are a few: * Restart a system with the Shift-key down to disable extensions. * Restart with the built-in ROM Disk available on some Macs. Hold: Command-Option-x-o during boot-up. * Boot from a floppy. Even if floppy startup has been disabled, you should be able to force it by holding down the command-option-shift-delete key combo to boot the floppy. This key combo won't let the internal hard drive mount. 07. What are some general tools for defeating Macintosh Security? MUST HAVES for defeating Secured Macs are Keystroke Recorders, file wipers and the System 7.5 Disk Tools. Keystroke Recorders--Keystroke Recorders are normally Control Panels, which when activated, will record every keystroke made on a system. In many cases the log containing all of the Keystroks is stored in a covert place for later retreival. A few keystroke recorders are: Invisible Oasis.......http://wheel.dcn.davis.ca.us/~sean/hack/hack.html MacLife Insurance.....http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'maclifeinsurance' SuperSave 1.x.........http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'super save' File Wipers--File wipers are utilities that can remove a file from a Hard Disks by physically writing over it. Many files are protected against deletion by the prevention of routines which allow their altering. File wipers can circumvent this protection because they don't perform the routines involved in altering a file, instead they just write over the file with null data. As a result the file is eliminated and thereby rendered NON-FUNCTIONAL. This makes them a very valuable in defeating Macintosh security. File wipers have the ability to wipe: locked file, protected files, running programs, the system folder, themselves, anything. A few file wipers are: Burn 2.2.............http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'Burn' Flame File v1.5.8....http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'flamefile' Obliterate v1.1......http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'Obliterate' The Eraser 2.0.0.....ftp://ftp.euro.net/Mac/info-mac/disk/eraser-20.hqx System 7.5 Disk Tools--System 7.5 Disk Tools contains a Finder and Mini-System on a single 1.44 HD Floppy thereby alllowing you to boot from the Floppy Drive. The 7.5 Disk Tools are a part of the System 7.5. 08. How can I Hack At Ease? There are numerous ways to Hack At Ease. Here are a Few: Programmer's Switch--Hit the programmer's switch (see section on MacsBug) and type: G FINDER. This should break you out of At Ease and leave you in the Finder. Once you're in in the the Finder you've pretty much hacked the protection. If you want to polish the hack (cover your tracks, find passwords, etc.) here's some advanced steps you can take: * If you know that your sysadmin keeps logs Copy the system folder to the hard drive. Rename the original system folder. Reboot without At Ease. When you are done, put the real system folder back and delete the second one. * If you aren't concerned about logs, just move the At Ease Preferences out of the System Folder: Extensions folder and reboot. Remember to put them back when you are done. * Install one of the aforementioned Keystroke recorders. Wait a few days and check the logs from the recorder. You should have the administrator password! Crashing the System--Another Hack for At Ease lies in Crashing the system it's running on. Just keep opening applications until all the RAM is consumed. On older versions of At Ease, a dialogue box will appear that asking you if you would like to quit At Ease to free up RAM. Click yes! Null Password--Open the file System Folder:At Ease:At Ease Preferences with MSWord or any ther text editor. Look for the string "MFDR\ ]". Delete everything between "\" and "]". Save the changes and you have a null password. Now you can go to At Ease Setup and change the password to whatever you want! OEM Hack---The following directions are excerpted from the At Ease Administration Manual from the Section: 'What do I do if I forget my Administrator Password?' If you forget the At Ease administrator's password, follow the directions below instead of those in the manual. If your startup disk is locked, you'll first need to run the Unlock application on the AT Ease 2.0 Utilities disk to unlock the start-up disk. Consult the manual for information about the Unlock application. 1. Start up your computer from another startup disk. 2. Open the System Folder of your usual startup disk. 3. Open the At Ease Items folder inside your System Folder. 4. Drag the At Ease Preferences file into the trash. 5. Hold down the Option key while you choose Empty Trash from the Special menu. 6. Restart from your usual startup disk. 7. Open the At Ease Setup for Workgroups application. Note: If you are using an AppleShare server volume as the At Ease disk, your setups may not appear until you reset the At Ease disk to this server volume. 8. Reconnect to the server volume and use the At Ease Disk command to reselect the volume. Note: Make sure you use the information on the server instead of replacing it with the information on the startup disk. 9. Add a new password and clue. 10. Make sure the following options set correctly: * Allow Remote Administration checkbox * Lock Startup Volume checkbox 11. Turn At Ease back on. 12. Quit At Ease Setup for Workgroups." 09. How can I use DisEase to Hack At Ease? DisEase is a fairly powerful utility for Hacking At Ease. It allows you to manipulate At Ease, break out of At Ease, decode passwords, any number of things that would render At Ease useless. The only problem is on most At Ease protected system you are prevented from finder or floppy disk access, thereby preventing you the ability to run DisEase in the first place. In these situations, follow the above steps for breaking into the Finder, you can then access DisEase and use it to decode the Administrator password. 10. Where can I find DisEase? DisEase 1.0.......ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/a/adrenal/mac/DisEase.hqx DisEase 3.0.......http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Cracking/DisEase3.0.sit.hqx Also you can contact the Author. macpants@aol.com 11. How can I Hack FoolProof? FoolProof is Macintosh security scheme that uses driver level and Systems Folder protection to prevent against bypassing. Driver Level protection is protection written to the Driver Level of the Hard Disk. At this level, the drive can not be mounted without envoking the protection. This condition will continue to exist as long as the Driver remains intact. Here are some methods of defeating it.: IMPORTANT NOTE--The FoolProof extension, among other things, intercepts the Restart & Shutdown calls from the System and makes sure to disable any external boot device whenever a Restart or Shutdown is called. To defeat this, when you Restart YOU HAVE TO DO HARD RESTARTS (ctrl-opt-del). When you do hard Restarts no calls are made to the System, and the System is restarted without locking or protecting anything. So be sure to do HARD RESTARTS when hacking FoolProof. Floppy Boot--As detailed in the beginning of this section, Boot from a floppy with command-option-shift-delete held down. This will prevent the Protected Driver from loading. Once the System is loaded you may need to use a Disk mounting utility to Mount the Hard Drive. Once the drive is mounted, Move the FoolProof Extensions and Prefs out of the System folder and Restart. FoolProof should be disabled. exit_to_shell--Restart and hit the interrupt switch while the INITs are loading and call an exit_to_shell (see MacsBug section), then Move the FoolProof Extensions and Prefs out of the System folder and Restart. FoolProof should be disabled. Find File Hack--If you're started up onto a FoolProof protected system, you'll notice that you probably don't have access to the System Folder. If you did you could drag the FoolProof Extension and Prefs out of the System Folder and Restart without FoolProof protection. Well, believe it or not, the Finder itself provide circumvention around this protection. 1. From the Finder, go up to Find in the Filemenu. Search for 'Finder' 2. Find is nice enough to find Finder for us in the Extension Folder, AND open the Extension Folder for our access. By NO sheer coincedence, the FoolProof extensions just happen to be in the same folder. 3. Drag the FoolProof extensions out of the System Folder and Restart. FoolProof should be disabled. Note--When you're done with all of the above methods, drag the FoolProof extensions and prefs back into the System Folder and restart. Noone will ever know you were there. 12. How do I access the Chooser when it is protected on Foolproof? First try the default password 'foolproof'. If that doesn't work, Make a copy of the Chooser and use ResEdit to change the Chooser Creator type from 'dfil chzr' to 'dfil keyc'. This will reset the Password to the default: 'foolproof'. Swap (don't delete) the original Chooser with the modified copy. Now you access the Chooser with the default password. When you're done, cover your tracks by putting back the Original Chooser. 13. How can I defeat Passworded Control Panels? The single most fundamental way to defeat a passworded Control Panel is to Delete it's preferences. The preferences for any particular program is in the Preferences folder in the System folder. In some cases it may be somewhere else or in other cases the preferences may be invisible. A good program to use to look for a Preferences file (or any file for that matter) is Norton Disk Editor. This program allows you to search for a file by any number of criteria, including attributes (thereby allowing you to search for Invsible files). Once you've found the prefs for the Control Panel you're trying to defeat, delete them (the prefs.) If you can't delete them write over them using a file wiper (see Part #07, File Wipers) Restart. In most cases, whatever Control Panel you were trying to get into will be void of it's password protection. This methods works good for: Screen savers, Virus Programs, some security programs, and Network Managers. 14. How can I defeat the DeskTracy Control Panel (at Kinko's)? Take a floppy with a File Wiper on it (see Part #07, File Wipers) to Kinko's. Open -> System Folder: Extensions: Desk Tracy Folder Drag the files 'DTPreferences' and 'UData' onto the file wiper. Go up to the Menubar, you should see your Login name up there, drag down to 'Configuration'. Don't change anything, just click the Close Box and it will ask you if you want to Save. Click 'Yes' Now go up to the Apple Option Menu and Select 'About Desk Tracy'. It should beep at you, and then show you the Desk Tracy 'About' Window. By this process, you have just Returned Desk Tray to it's Virgin Installation State. All accounting is Off, and Desk Tracy is like it was when it was First installed, BEFORE it was configured 15. What is EtherNet or Packet Sniffing? Ethernet sniffing is listening (with software) to the raw ethernet device for packets that interest you. When your software sees a packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file. The most common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words like "login" or "password." here are a couple of EtherNet sniffers: Watch 1.7.1......http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'sniffer' EtherPeek Demo...ftp.aggroup.com/Public/demos 16. How can I EtherNet Sniff on the Mac? (original by spooty , mods by filbert 4 the machaq faq) This article will explain how to get someone's password for their unix account etc., from the packets transmitted over a localtalk or ethernet network. I will not bother to explain the difficulties (or impossibilities) of cracking THE password file, or worse yet, shadowed passwords. If you want to learn about these, go read alt.2600 and look at all the lamers asking how to hack the password file in one easy step. What I will give you is the simplest and most powerful way to acquire passwords. Sniffing packets may or may not be punishable where you are. It may be shady behavior, or potentially legitimate. Using someone else's password is obviously a no-no in the eyes of admins, and the law, but then again, if you gave a shit, you wouldn't be reading this. Ready? First of all, you need a packet sniffer. Just about any sniffer will do. Since this article is aimed primarily at Mac users, I will use Watch 1.7.1, available at the Phruwt ftp site. This app will do nicely. Now, all you need is a Mac and a network, both of which you will have to find yourself. Any computer at a cluster at any company or university will probably be tied into their network, at least for a local bridge. For older, smaller, or just plain dumber networks, you will be able to access the entire LAN from any computer connected to it. Otherwise you are limited to the particular zone to which your computer is assigned. It shouldn't be too hard to find a good, accessible zone, however. If there is a main computing center at a school, for example, it will probably be both the site of accessible computers AND the same zone that sysadmins use. Alrighty. Time to get to work. Fire up your sniffer. The default settings on Watch 1.7.1 are fine. Under the "Filter" menu, only "LAP ctrl capture" should be checked. Click "start." Now you will see "packets" and "errors" begin to add up. For the first time, let 50 or more packets pile up before you hit stop. Now look at the packets. They will all have names like AFP, ATP, etc, that will confuse the hell out of your newbie ass if you don't know what they are. Don't worry about them. What you're looking for are the ones which are labeled by either TCP or Telnet. Anyone using Telnet to log into an account will have to enter both a userid and a password. This is where your knowledge of terminals comes in. When you're telnetting, or using any terminal-based software, every keystroke you hit is sent to the server, and then the server responds somehow to your screen in the terminal. For example, say you are typing a letter to someone using pine or some other unix mailer. If you type "k", a "k" will be sent to the server, and then a "k" will be sent back to appear on your screen. On the other hand, if you're hitting space bar to advance a page or something, a space will be sent, but the server will not return a space, but rather the next page of text. Got it? So what you're looking for is the userid/password interaction between the client and server. By watching the packets (and you'll see this quickly), you'll soon find some sucker firing up his account. The first sign will be the server's prompt for the userid, which should be as plain as day. Then the unwitting fool will start typing in his userid, and the server will be displaying it on his screen like this (these are only the last few columns you will see in Watch. For more detail, you can double click on any of the packets): (In this example, 25 is the server and 69 is the user's computer) lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 'login:' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'l' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 'l' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'o' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 'o' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 's' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 's' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'e' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 'e' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'r' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: 'r' Of course anyone typing any words will look like this, so you have to be sure this punk is logging in and not just blabbing about himself to his fat girlfriend back home. So make sure he has received the login prompt before this, by paying attention to the source and destinations of each packet (dst and src). Also, all the packets may not be together like this. A lot of other shit might be mixed in, so once again, lay off the crack and make sure the packets you're looking at are all going to and from the same places (note: the number for the server will just about always be the same and the varying clients' addresses will differ). Now when it's time for the password: lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 's' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'm' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'e' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'g' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'm' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' lap dst 25 lap src 69 Telnet: 'a' lap dst 69 lap src 25 Telnet: ' ' Where, you ask, are the missing letters? They don't show up, because the server doesn't reveal them on the user's screen, so the ol' peeking over the shoulder technique won't work, unless you can follow someone's typing fingers, which is hella difficult. Okey dokey. You've got your userid and password. Go have fun now. Unless, of course you want to hear about the other fun you can have with a sniffer. Say for example, you're trolling around and see someone is reading PORNO stories on usenet. One time I found this kid reading stories about some little boy getting off by being spanked by his mom. What a fucking weirdo! Anyway, you can pinpoint who is doing what pretty easily. Use another program, like Trawl or Interpoll, and you'll be able to see what every locally networked computers' addresses are. Usually you can get the owner name too. Also, you can set Watch to filter out everything except the traffic between two addresses. This is particularly useful, because most of the time there will be so much fucking trash flying back and forth, that it will be difficult to wade through it all. This method is sort of a bitch to use, because you may have to just wait and be lucky to get the password. You can be sneaky though like this: Call some bastard up whose password you want. Be at a computer, if necessary in his/her zone. You: "Hey Jerky, didja get that kewl mail I sentya? Them: "Uh, let me check..." (Fire up your sniffer and do it quick!) Them: "Hold on..." (click, click, click, as they type away) Them: "All it says is 'hi.'" You: "Oh whoops, I'll have to send it again. Bye." Hang up, stop the packet collection and you've got paydirt. If someone uses a desktop based mailing program, like Eudora, the collecting account passwords is even easier. The packets will be marked "TCP" instead of "Telnet" and in the text of the packet (you'll have to check the full details of the packet for this) you'll find the whole text of the userid's and passwords inside. Sniffers are good for a lot of other shit too, so play around with them and see what you get. Unfortunately, Apple Fileserver (AFS) passwords are a bear to get, since they are usually two-way scrambled (sys 7.1 and higher, I believe). I'm trying to figure out the encryption, but it's not really my department. In any event, someone's account password will very often be their server password too. Although some systems are switching over to Kerberos protected transmission of all packets across their LANs, most are still wide open. Doing something butt-stupid, like changing someone's password on them, will only result in them getting back into their account in a matter of hours, so be creative. It's pretty fun just to watch (hence the name) the dark sides of all the people you know. Then go up to them and say shit like, "Spank much lately?" Have fun with this, and don't get caught. 17. How can I defeat a FileGuard protected system? FileGuard is a powerful and versatile security system for the Mac that uses Driver Level protection, Encryption and Owned Finder Resources to provide controlled access to Protected system. In defeating FileGuard completely you'll need to be able to eliminate the protection, and decrypt protected filed. Basic FileGuard Hack--FileGuard protection can be somewhat confusing. The install process requires installing FileGuard onto a HardDisk, and then installing the Driver Level protection of FileGuard after the initial install has been performed. Because of this, and because of the way FileGuard acts after the initial install, someone unfamiliar with FileGuard can easily be left with the impression that his or her system is protected, when in fact the Driver Level of FileGuard's protection has not beeen installed. Without the Driver Level protection the FileGuard can be defeated by disabling extensions. So to start, ry Restarting with the Shift-Key held down. If the Driver Level protection of the system has not been installed, then you will have unprotected access to the system. FileGuard 2.7.x Hack--If the Driver Level of FileGuards protection has been installed on the system, the only way to defeat the protection is to Hack the password or to remove the Driver altogether. Password hacking is discussed in more depth in the section on FileGuard 2.9.x. It is discussed their ecause it is much more viable for that version of FileGuard. For this version (2.7.x), the most viable way to defeat the security is to remove the Driver altogether. To remove the Driver you'll need to make an HD floppy Start up disk that has a SCSI Driver utility on it. This is easy task given the amount of information you need to cram on to a single 1.44mb Floppy. To aid you in making this special floppy, I suggest you go by LaCie's home page and check out how they suggest you do it. LaCie.......http://www.teleport.com/~lacie/makestarter.html. This page can provide you insight on how to make a SCSI Driver Install disk for use in FileGuard and other driver level protection hacking. Try the following as a LAST RESORT: 1. Get a high density disk. Install some startup software for the machine in question. Install some disk formatting software that ets you install new drivers (like Gold Triangle, Apple HD SC Setup, or Silver Lining). 2. Restart, holding down command-option-shift-delete. This prevents the SCSI Bus from trying to mount the internal hard disk. 3. Run disk formatting software and install a new driver over the old driver. 4. Restart. No password should be prompted for. NOTE--This process will probably cause the hard disk to crash severely in the future!!! Only do this if there is something you really need on the disk. After you copy the needed files to a different place, you should REFORMAT THE HARD DISK. FileGuard 2.9.x Hack--In the 'FileGuard 2.9 addendum' which highlights changes in the latest release of FileGuard, it states: 'FileGuard now allows you to customize the message that appears whenever the volume password is requested.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'Unless you checked the option 'Ask volume password at startup' (see below), the volume password is only requested when the FileGuard extension is not active (for example, if someone tries to boot with extensions off to bypass FileGuard). Since the volume's password is not regularly requested, you may also wish to customize this message to include some kind of reference which will trigger your memory in case you forget the volume password. Be sure not to type in an obvious reference that could let others easily guess the password.' What a give away. Heres how this hack would (potentially) work: Normally, if a system is FULLY protected by FileGuard, when you Start up a dialog will appear requesting a NAME and an ACCESS KEY. You're given three opportunities to get it right or the System Restarts and you go through the same thing again. Now, if you try and Restart with the Shift-Key held down, the system will load WITHOUT Extensions and without the FileGuard Control Panel. But even without the Control panel, the System is still protected by the Driver Level portion of FileGuard's Protection (provided Volume Protection has been installed). But the Driver Level portion of Fileguard's protection is less secure and for two reasons: 1. The Driver Level protection puts up a message (as stated in the above mentioned 'addendum') which may, in and of itself, contain the password. 2. The Driver Level protection doesn't ask for a NAME, only a VOLUME PASSWORD, thereby eliminating part of the guess work. So, boot up a FileGuard system with the Shift-Key held down, read what the FileGuard says, and start using the words within the dialog as potential Passwords to the Volume. If that doesn't work, try possible single word passwords (remember, you only have to enter one word). With a little effort you might just exploit a vulnerability. FileGuard Encrypted Files--Use FileGuard to encrypt a file with the password 'test', for example. Use ResEdit to copy the resource 'high' from that file. Paste it into the file that contains the unknown password. Save changes and quit. Decrypt the modified file with FileGuard using the password 'test'. SECTION III: SYSTEMS HACKING ---------------------------- 18. How Can I hack FirstClass? FirstClass Defaults--Theirs only one FirstClass default I know of and it's a doosie. Every FirstClass system comes with the Administrators account: USER: admin PASS: admin The FirstClass Administration Manual very clearly states that the first thing you are REQUIRED to do after Installing your FirstClass server is CHANGE this password. But because of the way FirstClass is designed, it is often overlooked. When you've installed your Server and loaded up the FC Client Admin settings that come with the server, you never have to enter a password. Its already saved into the Settings. So all you do is click Login and you're in. And when first configuring a FirstClass system there are ALOT of things to address and an inexpereinced Admin (as most Admins setting up an FC system are) will often overlook changing this default account. Password Dig--Theres a utility called FirstClass Digger 1.x which will dig passwords out of the FirstClass server. This utility is available at via SoftArc Online. For more info on SAOL goto the SoftArc home page: http://www.softarc.com Admin Password Dig--There is one way to hack FirstClass if you have physical access to the server. To do this, you first open the root level of the hard drive and then open the folder named "FirstClass Post Office". The locate the foldernamed "UserDir" and open that. From there, open the folder named "admin.". Then copy the file named .ENProf onto a disk. When you have the time, open it up with Microsoft Word. To do this, you must change the "Show" pull-down menu from "Readable Files" to "All Files" and THEN locate the .ENProf. You will see the admin's password around the fourth or fifth line. If the admin. is using a shorter password than he used to, then you will see his password, followed by the correspoding characters of his old password. I.E., if someone changed their password from "systemadmin" to "admin." it would look like "adminmadmin". If you do not get on with the whole string listed, try passwords by taking the last letter away until you get it. You can now give yourself Administrator privs. From there, you can do everything the real admin. can do, EXCEPT open the Admins desktop, and grant other users admin. privs. Admin Accounted Settings--Another one I've seen, is when a FirstClass Admin is setting up a new Server, one of the things they can do to add to the look of their System is make custom Settings file. Well this Custom setting file is usually just the Admin settings file modified. They modify it a ittle bit at a time, and then to check to see how it looks they'll login to their system. For the sake of ease they'll go ahead and have the Username and Password saved so all they have to do to test the setings after a modification is click Login (cuts down on the time required to enter the name and password). Well after a few hours or days of making the perfect settings file, they're tired, and happy and releived and whole bunch of other things that lead to distractions. They think they're done, and they Stuff their settings file and distribute it on BBSs or the Internet so people can use the settings to access their FC system. What did they forget to do? They forgot to delete the Admin username and password from the settings file. By the time they've found out, someone has already logged in with the uAdmin account (all they had to do was click Login), accessed the Hard drive, found their way to the DTP or Acconting folder, and stolen confidential or personal files. FC Time Limit Hack--Next time you're logged into a FirstClass system be sure to go upto view and select Session Status. Keep track of your time. When you're time is almost up, go up to the menu bar and hold a menu open. The System won't log you off under these this ondition. Wait for about 30 seconds past the time you're supposed to be logged off. Let go of the menu and you'll still be logged on and can stay logged on indefinitley. 19. What is UNIX Password Hacking? Traditionally stated, the purpose of hacking a UNIX is: to "get to ROOT." This refers to the ROOT account that every UNIX system has as part of it's Operating system. The ROOT is a 'Trusted User' account, THE most powerful account on a UNIX. If you can hack a ROOT you can utilize or exploit every function a UNIX is capable of. But to get to "ROOT" you have to have somewhere to start. one of the most common places to start is with the 'passwd' file. 'passwd' is the common name of the file in which user account information is stored on a UNIX system. You might consider it a comprehensive users list. The file contains the information for an accounts USERNAME, PASSWORD, USER NUMBER, GROUP, GECOS, HOME DIRECTORY, and SHELL. A single entry of a passwd file entry might look like this: PASSWORD GROUP NUMBER HOME DIRECTORY / / / / / / kbahadur:8d34jSjs73hsb:2162:15:Ken Bahadur:/usr/users/kbahadur:/usr/bin/ksh \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ USERNAME USER NUMBER GECOS INFORMATION SHELL Now then, if you can see this: encrypted equivalent of pasword / kbahadur:8d34jSjs73hsb:2162:15:Ken Bahadur:/usr/users/kbahadur:/usr/bin/ksh ...you can use a passwd' file crackers to "guess" the password to this account entry. Once you've guessed an accounts password you can use that account to try and hack root. Try theses common commands on a UNIX to attempt to steal the 'passwd' file. UNIX 4.x.................cat /etc/passwd AiX......................cat /etc/security/passwd yp/NIS (yellow pages)....ypcat passwd 20. How Can I do it on the Mac? 'passwd' File Crackers--Hacking UNIX can be done on any machine, the only place where it can become localized (like on your Mac) is in the process of hacking 'passwd' files. To hack a 'passwd' file on a Mac, you need a password file cracker FOR the Mac. A few such programs are: MacKrak 2.0b1.........ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/swallow/ MacCrac v.01a.........http://iti2.net/k0p/mac_u-g/MacCrac%20FAT%200.1A.sit.bin Killer Cracker 8.0....http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Hacking Word Lists--To use the above listed 'passwd' file crackers you need Dictionary or Word List files. MacCrac comes with a fairly large Dictionary (2meg), but for the other programs you need to find your own. Paul Leyland runs Word List f*ckin' central. Hes got hundreds of Word Lists for dozens of nationalities and criteria, for example: Star Trek, Swahili, American, French, Names, Dog Names, just a shit load. check him out: Word Lists............ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/wordlists/ Word List utilities--You can combine several different word lists to make custom Dictionaries for special (hacking) occassions. A utility that can bring considerable ease ease to this task is Word List Maker. Word List Maker is a 'drag&drop' utility to create sorted lists of words from arbitrary text files. You can drop several text files and/or custom MS-Word dictionaries on to the WordListMaker icon to create a single word-list. You can also exclude arbitrary words from the output file. It will combine 2 or more Word Lists, alphabetize them and delete the duplicates. WordListMaker v1.6....ftp://mirror.apple.com/mirrors/Info-Mac.Archive/text SECTION IV: PHREAKING --------------------- 21. What is phreaking? Phreaking is the exploration, use, abuse, and/or defraudment of the telephone system via the manipulation of telephone system circuits, switches or services. Phreaking is commonly performed by generating tones which allow you to utilize various functions of the phone system usually reserved for internal use. The afforementioned tones can be generated by software programs designed to perform this purpose. These warez are commonly referred to as 'phreaking warez' 22. What are some phreaking warez for Macs? FoneTone Pro v1.0--FoneTone Pro v1.0 is a United Kingdom Blue Boxing program. Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to size control of telephone switches that use in-band signalling. The caller may then access special switch functions, with the usual purpose of making free long distance phone calls, using the tones provided by the Blue Box. Depending on who you ask, most people will tell you Blue Boxing is no longer possible in the United States. It is, however, still widely performed in Europe. FoneTone Pro v1.0 http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Phreaking/FoneToneProv1.0.sit.hqx MacPhoney--MacPhoney is a RainBow box emulator. That is, it's a box that performs a number of different boxing tones. These tones include Green Box--pay phone tones, Red Box--pay phone toll tones, White Box--AutoVon tones, and TouchTones--standard dialing tones. MacPhoney http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Phreaking/Phoney4Mac.sit.hqx 23. How can I use these programs? Mac Phreaking programs work by producing tones which when played through phone lines will have the potential of exploiting functions of the phone system. The generated tones are produced through the Mac speaker. For the tones to be effectivley played through the phone line, it is best to have the phone line connected to the Audio Out jack of your Mac or Newton. The best illustration of how this is done comes from Mr. Upsetter in a Submission made to and published in Phrack 38. AUDIO LINKS ~~~~~~~~~~~ By Mr. Upsetter It all started with my Macintosh... Some time ago I had this crazy idea of connecting the output from the audio jack of my Macintosh to the phone line. Since the Macintosh has built in sound generation hardware, I could synthesize any number of useful sounds and play them over the phone. For instance, with a sound editing program like SoundEdit, it is easy to synthesize call progress tones, DTMF and MF tones, red box, green box, and other signalling tones. So I set out to do exactly this. I created a set of synthesized sounds as sound resources using SoundEdit. Then I wrote a HyperCard stack for the purpose of playing these sounds. Now all I needed was a circuit to match the audio signal from the headphone jack of my Mac to the phone line. How The Circuit Works ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I designed a simple passive circuit that does the job quite well. Here is the schematic diagram. +------+ T1 +------+ o-----| R1 |-----o------o--------(| |)-----| C1 |-----o-----o +------+ +| -| (| |) +------+ | +---+ +---+ (| |) +---+ to Mac | D | | D | 8 (| |) 500 |VR | to headphone | 1 | | 2 | ohm (| |) ohm | 1 | phone jack +---+ +---+ (| |) +---+ line -| +| (| |) | o------------------o------o--------(| |)------------------o-----o C1-.22 uF, 200V D1,D2- 1N4148 switching diode R1-620 ohm, 1/4W T1- 8 ohm to 500 ohm audio transformer, Mouser part 42TL001 VR1-300V MOV, Mouser part 570-V300LA4 VR1 is a 300V surge protector to guard against transient high voltages. Capacitor C1 couples the phone line to transformer T1, blocking the phone line's DC voltage but allowing the AC audio signal to pass. The transformer matches the impedance of the phone line to the impedance of the headphone jack. Diodes D1 and D2 provide clipping for additional ringing voltage protection (note their polarity markings in the schematic). They will clip any signal above 7 volts. Resistor R1 drops the volume of the audio signal from the Mac to a reasonable level. The end result is a circuit that isolates the Mac from dangerous phone line voltages and provides a good quality audio link to the phone line. Building and Using the Circut ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This simple circuit is easy to build (if you're handy with electronics). I personally prefer to solder the circuit together. A length of shielded audio cable with a 1/8 inch mono plug on one end should be connected to the audio input end of the circuit. A standard RJ11 phone jack should be connected to the phone line end of the circuit. Although this circuit will protect against dangerous phone line voltages, it is best to disconnect it when not in use. You just don't want to risk anything bad happening to your brand new Quadra 900, right? Once you have an audio link between your Mac and the phone line, the applications are limitless. Use HyperCard's built-in DTMF dialing to dial for you, or build a memory dialer stack. Talk to people with Macintalk. Play your favorite Ren and Stimpy sounds for your friends. Play a ringback tone to "transfer" people to an "extension". Build and use a set of synthesized MF tones. Try to trick COCOT's with synthesized busy and reorder signals. But Wait, There Is More... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ So you say you don't own a Macintosh? That is ok, because the circuit can be used with other devices besides your Mac. You can use it with the 8 ohm headphone output from tape recorders, radios, scanners, etc. You could also probably use it with any other computer as long as you had the proper audio D/A hardware and software to create sounds. All parts are available from Mouser Electronics. Call 800-346-6873 for a free catalog. SECTION V: MAC UNDERGROUND RESOURCES ------------------------------------ 24. What are some Sites of interest to Mac Hackers? This list contains every URL already listed in this FAQ, including the ones not yet mentioned. AdrenaL's Home Page http://mail.eskimo.com/~adrenal/ AdrenaL's h/p Mac FTP Site ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/a/adrenal/mac/ AG Group ftp://ftp.aggroup.com/ Brunning Mac pranks http://www.skidmore.edu/~brunning/machacks.html Bubba's Mac stuff http://www.io.org/~bubba/hackz.html Bungalow Bill's page http://www.tiac.net/users/julianne/ Cool MacsBug Tricks (HTML version) http://www.biddeford.com/~benyc/Macsbug.html Funky Brewster's site ftp://ftp.primenet.com/users/m/mattb1 GodBoy (Whacked Mac Mirror, sorta.) http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/hack.html Grady's Mac page http://pulsar.cs.wku.edu/~russellg/mac/software/software.html Havock Alley http://web.aimnet.com/~woodland/home.html How to Make a SilverLining Start up Disk http://www.teleport.com/~lacie/makestarter.html. Knight Hawk's ftp://ftp.winternet.com/users/nitehwk/hack/mac/ Mac Hack Info http://www.liberty.com/home/cyberpunk/hakkks.html The Macintosh internet http://www.macfaq.com/ Mac PGPfone Home Page http://web.mit.edu/network/pgpfone/ Making a Silverlining Startup Disk http://www.teleport.com/~lacie/makestarter.html Observer's Little Nook http://www.users.interport.net/~david/stuff.html oleBuzzard's kn0wledge phreak http://iti2.net/k0p/ The Reaper's Image II/Wundernet http://www.wundernet.com/ Rock Quarry http://pulsar.cs.wku.edu/~russellg/mac/software/the_rock_quarry.html Sean's Hack Shack http://wheel.dcn.davis.ca.us/~sean/hack/hack.html The Seeker's Home Page http://www.grfn.org/~seeker/ SoftArc Home Page http://www.softarc.com Sun Horizon: Cornea http://www.winternet.com/~achilles/ Tips and Tricks for Macsbug Page http://www.scruznet.com/~crawford/Computers/macsbug.html The Whacked Mac Archives ftp://whacked.l0pht.com/ Word Lists ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/wordlists/ 25. What are some Warez of Interest to Mac Hackers? This list contains every URL listed in this FAQ Burn 2.2 http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'Burn' Break Before http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'macsbug' DisEase 1.0 tp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/a/adrenal/mac/DisEase.hqx DisEase 3.0 http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Cracking/DisEase3.0.sit.hqx DBugr 1.2.1 http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'macsbug' Debugger F-Key http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'macsbug' EtherPeek Demo tp.aggroup.com/Public/demos Flame File v1.5.8 http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'flamefile' FontTonePro http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Phreaking/FoneToneProv1.0.sit.hqx Invisible Oasis http://wheel.dcn.davis.ca.us/~sean/hack/hack.html Killer Cracker 8.0 http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Hacking MacsBug http://www.support.apple.com/pub/Apple%20SW%20Updates/US/Macintosh/Utilities MacCrac v.01a http://iti2.net/k0p/mac_u-g/MacCrac%20FAT%200.1A.sit.bin MacKrak 2.0b1 ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/swallow/ MacLife Insurance http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'maclifeinsurance' Obliterate v1.1 http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'Obliterate' Phoney4Mac http://www.tyrell.net/~ibs/Hackr/Phreaking/Phoney4Mac.sit.hqx SuperSave 1.x http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'super save' The Eraser 2.0.0 ftp://ftp.euro.net/Mac/info-mac/disk/eraser-20.hqx Watch 1.7.1 http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'sniffer' WordListMaker v1.6 ftp://mirror.apple.com/mirrors/Info-Mac.Archive/text SECTION VI: MAC HACK TIDBITS ---------------------------- 26. How do I copy a read-only file? Many utilities allow you to copy read-only files, including StuffIt, CompactPro, etc. 27. Where can i get the latest version of macpgp and the source code? Telnet to net-dist.mit.edu and login as 'getpgp'. You will have to answer four short questions to get the name of the file it is in(the name changes every half hour). Then FTP there and go to the specified directory. The current version is MACPGP2.6.2. You should also get the README files as the interface barely follows the Macintosh Interface Guidelines. 28. How can I convert a Read Only text file? Read/Write Convertors v1.0--I run a BBS with about 5500 files online. I'd say on average I put up about 15-20 new files a day. This equates to ALOT of File Descriptions. To cut down on the work of Writing File Decriptions, I like to just grab first or second sentence in the READ ME file in an Arhive which usually explains what the program is and/or does. Nothing bugs me more than when the Author converts the READ ME to one of those damn READ ONLYs which not only prevent you from odifying the file but also prevent you from selecting and copying text within the file. No copying and no electing means no snagging that oh so valuable first sentance that cuts down on File Descripting. Fortunatley my woes have been mended. Micheal Terry of Oakfield, New York put together a couple of Drag&Drop apps which will convert a file from one of thos Annoying READ ONLYS, or, if you wish to annoy me, TO on of thos Annoying Read Onlys. They work great and he only wants a buck a piece for them. http://vsl.cnet.com. Search: 'convertor' 29. How can I Disable Extension Disabling on my Mac? Probably the oldest, easiest, and single most commonly used hack on any system, is holding down the Shift-Key to disable Extensions. By doing this ALOT of Security or Access related programs can be by-passed. If you don't want your System to be vulnerable to this Shift-Key Extension disabling heres what you can do: Use ResEdit or some other Resource editor and open your System File. Delete the 'dbex' resource. Tadow! You've just disabled Extension Disabling. By the way, the 'dbex' extension is used for no other purpose (that I know of) so no harm will come to your system. This little hack is courtesy of Scott Kevill <skevill@tartarus.uwa.edu.au>, and Aussie commonly found on alt.hackintosh. 30. Is there a way to disable the Power-down Button Does that "feature" of being able to shut down your Mac by pressing the power button annoy you too? I never understood why it was important to have a keyboard shortcut for a function that I might use at most once a day. And now the System 7.5 update brings this wonderful behaviour to all Macs! But here's how you can turn it off: 1. Open a copy of the "System 7.5 Update" file with ResEdit. 2. Look for the "gpch" resource with ID 16. At offset D22 hex, you will see the words BF8C 4267; change these to 0002 600A. 3. Save your changes and exchange the original System 7.5 Update in your System Folder with the patched one. 4. Restart. Press the power key. Enjoy the fact that nothing happens. As usual with this sort of patch, keep a Disk Tools disk handy to boot from, in case you stuff something up. 31. Is there a way to turn off zoomrects in System 7? The first thing you need to do is open up the finder with RedEdit. Then you open the code resource, then look for Code ID 4, (this does need to be decompressed). Then Select Find offset and look for the code 0078, this should take you to this line: 48E7 1F38 594F 2FOF Then select 4 bytes (48E7 1F38), Replace them with these codes: 6000 00E6 Save the copy of Finder and quit ResEdit, then Make the copy of the Finder (the real thing) Put the old one in a safe place incase it screwed up. Now just reboot the machine, and open up a Window. 32. Outro Well thats as good as it gets for this one. I hope you found it informative. I'd like to give a shout out to AX1P for conceiveiving the FAQ, and to Observer, Filbert, and everyone else for their NO Bullshit information. For the next issue I'm expecting some further incites on FirstClass and an extensive tutorial on EvE protection, so look out for the next release. See ya online. Next Release Version: MacHackFAQ v2.1 Next Release Date: ? -oleBuzzard ============================================================================= oleBuzzard's 7 Macintosh/PC Underground /<n0wledge phreak 1 PowerPC 9500-604 ### ######### 9 5000+ Philez/1.2 Gigz ### ### ## ###_{_}## ###### 5 Hack/Phreak/Phraud/Anarchy ###### ## / ###\_/ ## ### ### 7 UnionNET/IIRG-Net ##### ##,(___### ## ### ### 8 Home of the UNDERGROUNDMAC ###### ## o \ \## ## ### ### 8 SCAM! Magazine Distro Site ### ### ######### ###### 2 2400-28.800 kbaud / ### 8 Only like US$8.66/month 'No Bullshit!' 8 More Info? http://iti2.net/k0p